Birding/ Bird watching in Europe

Length: 19 cm
Wingspan: 26 to 32 cm
Weight: 38 to 55 g
Longevity: 10 years

The Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra) is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. This is a large bunting with heavily steaked buff-brown plumage.

The sexes are similar but the male is slightly larger than the female. Its range extends from Western Europe and North Africa across to northwestern China.

Distribution and habitat
It breeds across southern and central Europe, north Africa and Asia across to Kazakhstan. It is mainly resident, but some birds from colder regions of central Europe and Asia migrate southwards in winter.

The corn bunting is a bird of open country with trees, such as farmland and weedy wasteland. It has declined greatly in north-west Europe due to intensive agricultural practices depriving it of its food supply of weed seeds and insects, the latter especially vital when feeding the young.

It has recently become extinct in Wales and Ireland, where it was previously common.

Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net

www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there

Range of E. calandra

By SanoAK: Alexander Kürthy - Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
Range map from BirdLife International 2018. Emberiza calandra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22721020A131886792. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22721020A131886792.en.
Downloaded on 05 January 2019 as visual indicator of distribution.,
CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=75603304

Taxonomy The corn bunting was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae and retains its original binomial name of Emberiza calandra.[2] The type locality is Sweden.

The genus name Emberiza is from Old German Embritz, a bunting. The specific calandra is from Ancient Greek kalandros, the calandra lark. The corn bunting has sometimes been placed in its own monotypic genus Miliaria.

Two subspecies are recognised:
• E. c. calandra Linnaeus, 1758 – northwest Africa, Canary Islands and Europe to Turkey, the Caucasus and north Iran
• E. c. buturlini Johansen, HE, 1907 – Middle East to northwest China

Description
This is an unusual bunting because the plumages of the sexes are similar in appearance, though the male is approximately 20% larger than the female. This large bulky bunting is 16–19 cm long, with a conspicuously dark eye and yellowish mandibles.

Males lack any showy colours, especially on the head, which is otherwise typical of genus Emberiza. Both sexes look something like larks, being streaked grey-brown above with whitish underparts. The underparts are streaked over the flanks and breast, and the streaking forms gorget around the throat. The lesser wing coverts are distinctively dark and white-tipped. The tail is plain brown.

The song of the male is a repetitive metallic sound, usually likened to jangling keys, which is given from a low bush, fence post or telephone wires.

Length: 19 cm

Wingspan: 26 to 32 cm

Weight: 38 to 55 g

Longevity: 10 years

Listen to the Corn Bunting

Sound from www.xeno-canto.org

Remarks from the Recordist

Recorded with my ZOOM H5 Handy Recorder High Pass Filter applied with Audacity

Bird sitting on a wire next to the road

Sound from www.xeno-canto.org

Remarks from the Recordist

Recorded with my ZOOM H5 Handy Recorder. High Pass Filter applied with Audacity.

Bird sitting next to the dirt road and I recorded the bird before it took off

Sound from www.xeno-canto.org

Remarks from the Recordist

Recorded with my ZOOM H5 Handy Recorded. High Pass Filter applied with Audacity.

Bird sitting in a bush singing.

Behaviour and ecology

Food and feeding
Its natural food consists mainly of seeds but also includes insects such as crickets, especially when feeding young.

Corn Bunting with nesting material

Anarita (Αναρίτα) Park, Cyprus - March 2021

Corn Bunting with nesting material

Anarita (Αναρίτα) Park, Cyprus - March 2021

Breeding
Males defend territories in the breeding season and can be polygynous, with up to three females per breeding male. The population sex ratio is generally 1:1, which means some males remain unmated during a season.

Males play only a small role in parental care; they are not involved in nest building or incubation, and only feed the chicks when they are over half grown.

The nest is made of grass, lined with hair or fine grass, and is usually built on the ground. Average clutch size is four, but commonly varies from three to five, occasionally six.

Eggs, Muséum de Toulouse

By Didier Descouens - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25603114

Status and conservation
In England, the government's environmental organisation Natural England offers grants towards implementing measures to conserve this species, under the environmental stewardship scheme.

Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia